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One, those who do not have a face accumulate, impossible dotted breakthrough
Must aggrandizement learning is accumulated, this is extremely important. I hold the position of home of a variety of medicine magazines make up appoint, it is the manuscript with magazine many check and approve every year. No matter be from scientific research selection of subject still is designed from the experiment,overall feeling is a lot of basic research in light of many it is the job before repeating abroad several years. Have a plenty of clipping abroad to report medium partial experiment measure, have a plenty of change in the foundation that copy index of a few observation, the job that has innovation sex to achieve a gender formerly especially truly is not much really. The scientific research of many clinical research designs existence is very apparent and serious flaw. Flaw of the commonnest scientific research design is ordinal for: Lack contrast necessarily group or contrast unreasonable, example is not had representative, in group inadequacy of basis of not random, conclusion, did not consider jumbly bias. The cause that creates this kind of situation is many sided, the level of integral science and technology that shows level with our country above all and economy are relatively backward have direct connection, management of as current as our country also science and technology and the education mode that evaluate mechanism and talented person are defective about. But, ourselves always can do a few businesses.
The task that can offer an alternative in real work, cut administrative levels and angle a lot of, want us to hold to scientific manner only, the blundering state of mind of take out eager for quick success and instant benefit, aggrandizement learning is accumulated, always can walk out of the road of a success that has him learning distinguishing feature. Altogether, do not have a face accumulate, impossible dotted breakthrough. We were not necessary to duplicate the job of anybody anyhow. My individual feels, aggrandizement learning accumulates the most effective method is " start work " 2 be " read " . That is to say, must combine oneself to be engaged in job of a scientific research reading many relevant document. My experience is, if not the newest English document that settle on controls some territory 1000 pieces, offer a research task that has enough innovation sex very hard. Although make choice of study a project, serve as a foundation without enough cultural background, in the process that designing technical line also hard the blemish with guarantee against apparent existence. More important is, in the process that reads a large number of document, you can understand the forward position to international to study trends, can revise your research target and experimental program in time. Measure in this kind in accumulating a process, you always think of naturally and determine next research project.
I am beginning hand asthma to send ill mechanism to study the work from 1994. What what I do is conscientiously ground only many relevant document is browsed in beginning research work process, understand people about Bai Jiesu (IL) - the 5 understanding that concern with asthma basically come from an animal to study a data. At that time, domestic and international also already the impact that somebody research IL-5 and mankind are asthmatic, these research are the IL-5 that confirms all sorts of specimen place convey asthmatic patient normaller level heighten, closely related the amount of cell of acerbity bead of be addicted to that to gas with infiltration, from this and will figure IL-5 is opposite stage property of gas of soak of cell of acerbity bead of be addicted to has hasten to change intention. However, heighten of level of the IL-5 when confirming asthma is not certain have some kind of specific property with respect to can affirmative IL-5. Then, I decide to discuss IL-5 to enrage the exact action in inflammation mechanism in human asthma. To asthmatic patient inspiratory cell factor is not our pioneering work, I also am to reading the understanding in the process to arrive before this already somebody gives suffer the person that try normally inspiratory tumour is necrotic factor - α , observe its with this the influence of inflammation of polite to enraging reactivity way [1] . We consult this research designed in fact very simple test program: Give 8 asthmatic patients inspiratory IL-5, observe reactivity of way of spirit of inspiratory IL-5 around is mixed next revulsive the change of count of phlegmy fluid cell and classification. So a research work that although be in basic level hospital,also can begin is published on Am J Repsir Crit Care Med later [2] , heretofore already by SCI magazine he is brought 73 times. If was not accumulated certainly, to me, be afraid want to be less than project of such a research.
Michigan Medical Marijuana Documentary
2, the research that is good at be engaged in high quality below general requirement
Actually, although be below general working requirement,afore-mentioned case that study about IL-5 had explained also can the research with higher quality works. Without doubt, good research condition is the requirement that obtains the scientific research positive result that the breakthrough has innovation. The problem is, our scientific research condition is very backward still really. But this does not mean us complete at the end of one‘s wits, the key depends on wanting to be good at be being mixed from job of daily medical treatment as always the discovery in studying the work is appropriate cut a point, do not change oneself research way easily, just can form oneself academic characteristic in that way. What must emphasize is, it is extremely important to have excellent tentative idea and reasonable science to study the line is same, because only such ability get clear and significant verdict.
Here the case that I consider to talk about myself presumingly to design a respect in scientific research again. The experimental condition of institute of disease of breath of Guangxi medical university not only lag behind at the developed country far congener lab, also be inferior to a lot of breath labs of city of domestic other province far, we do not have our independent laboratory even, use any new and high technologies without the opportunity up to now. Till today, all observation index of our paper belongs to general polyclinic clinical examine division the convention that can offer detects project. The characteristic of our only is scientific research thinking compares nimble, train of thought to be widened quite relatively only, still have even if scientific research design is more reasonable. What scientific research designs is reasonable besides profit from " start work and read " besides, also the consistency that profit from scientific research works and successional.
Let me cite the case of an ourselves again. We heeded the effect in stimulating an element to send ill mechanism in asthma in coordination 1997, reported our research positive result first 1999: CD86 causes soak of cell of bead of acidity of spirit way be addicted to to compatibly to antigen the influence of tall reactivity action [3] . Because pay close attention to CD86 element to send the research trends of the action in ill mechanism in asthma all the time, arrived after 2003, we very naturally wants to understand asthmatic patient serum CD86 of the dissolubility in polite way specimen (SCD86) pH indicator changes. We published pH indicator of SCD86 of asthmatic patient serum to determine on Thorax 2004 result [4] . This article reflected reasonable scientific research adequately to design is how important. At this late hour, a paper that watchs some kind of phenomenon simply merely may have been published on authoritative professional magazine no longer. In this paper, we use ELISA method asthmatic to 52 bronchus patient and the serum SCD86 level that 25 exemple health get the person that try undertake detecting, cent of oxygen of function of the spirit way reactivity that the patient determines in the meantime, lung, arterial blood is pressed and carbon dioxide cent is pressed, and outside computation of count of Zhou Xiebai cell and cellular classification, analytic SCD86 level the dependency of each afore-mentioned index. More important is, cell of the lymphocyte of blood of the week outside our depart, monocyte, neuter bead and acerbity cell of bead of be addicted to, observe these cells develop the case that SCD86 produces below the condition outside body. The desirable place of this paper depends on reporting asthmatic patient breaks out at acute first period level of its serum SCD86 lifts significantly reach its and the correlativity of all sorts of pathology physiology and clinical index; And elite part depends on clarifying the cellular origin of SCD86. If can discuss place of SCD86 of asthmatic patient serum to develop again,cut action really, the class of the paper is sure to promote further. Later, we were begun in succession other about SCD86 more thorough research works [5, 6] . All these research, asks technical condition is not tall, detect basically the method is ELISA, crucial experimental step is detached cell collect next in the education outside body on clear liquid. These research can be published on the international magazine that breathes medical domain authority as a result, primary reason depends on selection of subject appropriate, scientific research design is reasonable, get clear verdict from this.
Medical Marijuana - USA
On October 12, 2005 6 airship launch divine boat enter the space, astronaut Fei Junlong and Nie Hai Shengjin fly into aerospace. Institute of Chinese spaceflight medicine made space flight commemoration day seal, among them this commemoration day that takes in the ground is sealed, did not embark; The friend of stamp collecting bound gives open a name to be called: "Take the land " souvenir is sealed.
If institute of Chinese spaceflight medicine makes the plan, space flight commemoration day seals " take the land " souvenir is sealed.
stroke, and then medical school interview advice part 1
Academy of medicine of biology of moxa division international is development of technology of the medicine in the good faith that send a person cooperates and applying contemporary biology science and technology to combine broad and profound China tradition with Taoist school arcanum, development the special orgnaization of the drug of secret recipe spy that treats all sorts of difficulty disease, prescription of particular ten kinds of arcanum suffers national patent to protect, and via clinical test and verify, curative effect remarkable, authentic is reliable.
Academy of medicine of biology of moxa division international has power of the support outside solid condition, in Nepalese set building of preparation of eightfold medicines and chemical reagents, 6000 much square metre, company controller is ancient time of Chinese Jiangxi record the 25th generation with true appropriate of Zhao of well-known Taoism priest passes person Zhao Yuanzhen. History record: "Zhao Yi is true, date ‘ yuan Yang Zi ‘ (? , 1382) yuan end bright first well-known Taoism priest, jiangxi brings blessing person. Because be opposite,be esteemed to be high road by the imperial court " , its Zu Jujun appearance is the founder of a school of learning of arcanum of Taoism Mao Shanzong -- the chela that well-known Taoism priest, medicine learns view of domestic Tao Hong when Qi Liang of the Southern Dynasties, its father Zhao Shiyuan " rich stimulate the menstrual flow history character of a hunderd schools, grow line of business of a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations of be used to, because of long disease is not abandoned therefore more Confucianism enter, shi Qingwei sends great master yellow Shun Shen first, pass Qing Wei already, clean bright learn, hold Xi Quanzhen and Na Zongzhi concurrently to again, successive ancestor course of study, perfectness medicine and ‘ one Tian Xinlei law ‘ art, it is the person that it is the be a comprehensive expression of of bright generation Taoism " . Zhao Yi‘s true unborn Zhaoyuan is true, although already year even more 90 years old senile, but the body is hale, healthy in old age, more because connect medical knowledge greatly and by Nepalese honour for " Zhao celestial being " Zhao Yuanzhen let family 1930 from Tibet of Jiangxi change one‘s dwelling house, then in highland Tibetan north music lived 12 years, hind the Nie Lamu austral Tibet of change one‘s dwelling house, lifted a change to go to 1943 abroad, resident Nepalese. During Tibet lives, zhao Yuanzhen grinds in essence of life the China of the 6 generation that the collect carefully in the home wears yuan extremely while medicine is academic, do obeisance to Tibetan cure to be division again, systematic geoscience reviewed Tibetan medicine learns, he is in according to ancestral secret recipe old yuan extremely old Tibetan medicine is united in wedlock to learn development to go out on medical foundation " bolus of Yuan Zhendan, be good at kidney, lengthen life the bolus, bolus that raise liver " wait for more than 20 kinds of medicines and chemical reagents, famed global, travel extensively in more than 30 countries, for by tens of thousands the person removed ailment.
Yuan Zhendan: Norms: 30 / bottle. [character] wine water bolus, small raw meat or fish, taste is bitter. [advocate treat] rheumatism sex arthritis, kind head of hyperplasia of injury of bone of coma of brothers of back of ache of rheumatism arthritis, bones and muscles, sciatica, waist, inflexible, sweeny, paraplegia, fracture, dated sex, dysmenorrhoea, bone, femur necrotic, bone tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, palace. [function] dehumidify of wind of arteries and veins of sth resembling a net of stimulate the menstrual flow, invigorate the circulation of blood, Xiao , medicinal powder cold acetanilide wait. [poisonous side-effect] without. [usage dosage] profess to convinced. A day 3, 3, warm boiled water sends take, or follow the doctor‘s advice. [note] function of liver, kidney is not complete person careful take, pregnant woman avoid is taken [store up] sealed buy is shady and cool and dry place.
Bolus of be good at kidney: Norms: 50 grams / bottle. [advocate treat] 1, Qing Dynasty of cold, pee grows cold limb of complexion Huang Bai, form, discharge of defecate jalf congealed, when stop when hair, prolonged does not heal; 2, little dropsy of complexion dark and gloomy, make water fails like function of chronic nephritis, kidney (uremia) ; Deserve to take [Xuan Ming bolus] 30, daily time each; 3, scrofulous, bone tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, bedsore; Deserve to take [Yuan Zhendan] 3, daily 3; 4 men are impotent be not lifted or palace of cold premature ejaculation of essence of life, woman is cold Qing Dynasty of infecund, leucorrhoea is rare; Sexual desire drops, lumbar genu acid is heavy, swimmy tinnitus; 5, senile body declines, kidney this world is not filled or overworked is excessive cold limb of form of be caused by is cold, magical genu of tired force, waist is cold spontaneous of beautiful deaf of frequency of painful, pee, eye, heart-throb. [function] lukewarm kidney Zhuang Yang, enrich the blood beneficial gas, fill pith to give birth to shade of essence of life, drive to answer in relief, rejuvenescent. [poisonous side-effect] without. [usage dosage] follow the doctor‘s advice.
Xuan Ming bolus: Norms: 60 grams / bottle. [advocate treat] 1, dry of dry tongue of the giddy dazzled of inadequacy of shade of deficient, heart and be caused by of job of long-term excess load, pharynx, tinnitus breaks liver kidney back acute hearing, lumbar genu ache, neurasthenic, hypertensive, diabetic wait for symptom of Yang Kang of deficiency of yin with irritability, daily 3, every time 30; 2, old phlegmy foul, cough night sweat of the blood that spit pus, hectic fever, daily 3, every time 30; 3, head of of all kinds tumour, bone tuberculosis, scrofulous, femur is necrotic wait, every time 30, deserve to take [Yuan Zhendan] every time 3, daily 3; 4, use the patient that puts cure to change cure; And beard and hair is early the patient such as white, chronic hepatitis, daily 3, every time 30; Deserve to take every time [lengthen life bolus] 4, 6; 5, hepatitis (slant in relief person) deserve to take [liver lienal capsule] ; Chronic nephritis (uremia) deserve to take [bolus of be good at kidney] ; Gastritis deserves to take [be good at lienal capsule] . [function] filling kidney of method of treating yin deficiency by reinforcing body fluid and nourishing the blood, raise heart and liver, clear lung expectorant, exuberant energy, defer consenescence, adjust endocrine, use extensively at liver, kidney, heart, lung and yin and yang maladjusted patient. [poisonous side-effect] without. [usage dosage] follow the doctor‘s advice.
Be good at lienal capsule: 12 X4 board / box. [advocate treat] 1, the taste of the ill be caused by such as chronic gastritis, atrophic sex gastritis, enteritis the frail, inappetence, dyspeptic, gastral cavity after feeding noisy, belch bilges card of discharge of jalf congealed of painful, defecate; 2, urgent chronic gastroenteritis: Food not section, eat and drink too much send taste carry not to change maladjusted, dyspepsia, card of diarrhoea of vomitive acerbity corrupt, bellyacke; 3, children sallow and emaciated, stunt, gawkish, sweeny; [function] fill lienal be good at stomach, disappear bilges and medium, ooze is wet stop have diarrhoea. [poisonous side-effect] without. [usage dosage] follow the doctor‘s advice.
Liver lienal capsule: 12 X4 board / box. [advocate treat] 1, use at urgent chronic hepatitis (armour liver, second liver, third liver) , [characteristic] improve a symptom apparent, liver function restores index of faster, examination to turn shade rate is high. 2, blood-vessel of liver cirrhosis, liver is out-of-the-way: Come loose through regulating the flow of vital energy and removing obstruction to it the effectiveness with Yu, soft acetanilide liver receives proper treatment; 3, hemal and out-of-the-way sex has a headache, the disease such as swimmy, epilepsy: : Carry action of have one‘s ideas straightened out of invigorate the circulation of blood, the effect is distinct; 4, thrombus of cerebral haemorrhage, head, apoplectic etc reach its sequela: Below the action of have one‘s ideas straightened out of invigorate the circulation of blood, get rehabilitation stage by stage; 5, the bosom of be caused by of anxiety of coronary heart disease, wind bilges the disease such as frowsty, ache, have effect of spasmolysis, regulating the flow of vital energy and removing obstruction to it, invigorate the circulation of blood, have one‘s ideas straightened out, acetanilide fine; 6, woman menstruation is not moved, the disease such as dysmenorrhoea. 7, diseases with such symptoms as coastal pain not easy, digestive function bilges like coerce costal region mussily painful, food not hiccup of disappear, belch, vomiting swallows the disease such as acid and dysenteric have loose bowels; [function] harmonic liver is lienal, soft liver acetanilide, regulating the flow of vital energy and removing obstruction to it comes loose have one‘s ideas straightened out of Yu, invigorate the circulation of blood. [poisonous side-effect] without. [characteristic] [usage dosage] follow the doctor‘s advice.
Yuan true ointment: 25 grams / . [advocate treat] 1, injuries from falls, red heat is painful; Of apply have the effect with cool blood invigorate the circulation of blood, acetanilide detumescence; 2, bone of the defeat that hurt muscle, new old at suffer from, whole answer hind of apply can loose of stimulate the menstrual flow, medicinal powder Yu acetanilide, stimulative bone cicatrizations; Bug of 3 ulcer swollen poison, snake is bitten; 4, make water of convulsion of nephritis of cholecystitis, pancreatitis, appendicitis, acute, bowel, secrete fastens infection to wait for urgent card, have remarkable and rapid diminish inflammation, spasmolysis acetanilide action; 5, to apply of all sorts of cancer, tumour, have soft firm medicinal powder knot, diminish inflammation and apparent acetanilide effect; 6 limb joint and lumbar back ache, neuralgic (the head nerve, nerve between costal region, lumbar backbone nerve) , woman classics goes not of the apply such as free, dysmenorrhoea, all have antiphlogistic and invigorate the circulation of blood of stimulate the menstrual flow, acetanilide effect. [function] Yu of dispel of invigorate the circulation of blood, clear hot detoxify, soft firm medicinal powder knot, spasmolysis is acetanilide. [poisonous side-effect] without. [usage dosage] take drug on paper of film of right amount Tuyu, light person or aching position is single person, can stick apply affected part directly. Illness heavier or affected part is more, divide outside choosing main affected part to stick apply, add the pubic region in sticking (navel) or stick about relevant point, criterion the effect is much better. Daily after sticking apply 8 hours, get off, rub-up skin, light person show effect or recovery, weigh disease, the person that did not heal changes medicine the 2nd day to continue to stick apply, daily one. [notice] 1, pregnant woman careful with; 2, external use medicine, the place inside buccal eye bazoo does not stick apply; 3, green, violet color appears after sticking apply, need not scared, nature of a few Queen of heaven disappear.
Medical Marijuana by Drew Carey and Reason.tv
Doctoral student adviser:
Wu Qingyu
Zun Huancong
Zhang Zongming
Liu is broken endowment
The Master lays a teacher:
Li Shengwen
Li Xiaomei
Chen Zhengguang
Shui Chaoxiang
Zhang Dongya
Zou Yan is red
Geng Tongchao
Chen Chunling
Ao Jiang
Medical Mecca - China
Fighting anile, changeover consenescence is the main task that 21 centuries medicine research, relevant theory and methodological research should be all-around, the mankind asks not only macrobian, and the requirement restores youthful the condition when.
When the reason that mastered person consenescence and rule, adopt consenescence of relevant measure antagonism or changeover consenescence thereby, this will make undoubtedly of the person live quality rises generally, consenescence can become reality and deferring anile, changeover is not an illusion.
At present people place uses if grow element, endotoxin of fleshy poisonous bacili, bo make water is acerbity, collagen albumen and operation are divided knit etc, be the surface, still cannot from go up at all defer consenescence, splanchnic consenescence still is undertaking the gender is quickened, because unalterable body is other the ageing of place, be not accepted generally so. Be like outsmart oneself, give a person the jest as at one‘s leisure even.
Emilie Autumn - Liar (Medical Mix by Angelspit)
Report of American medicine academy shows, human body is daily need to absorb salt of about 1500 milligram, in order to prop the body normal function, and average intake exceeds American at present 3400 milligram, 1 times taller than normal demand superabundant. These salt come from treatment food and restaurant food mostly. Bureau of canal of researcher hope medicine contains saline quantity to discriminative ground is set to different and phyletic food be restricted, final help people reduces saline intake.
Medical is in charge of bureau director Margaret Hanbaige to say, apt of medical canal bureau allows food manufacturer " freewill " reduce salt, but the likelihood participates in the action with partnership relation, help people reduces salt intake stage by stage.
The United States " Washington Post " if cite medicine provides bureau message public figure, report, medical canal bureau is considering the opinion of food manufacturer and researcher integratedly, preparation moves people taste stage by stage " weak " .
Associated press judges exposition and argumentation, meaning of this one practice suits gradually in help consumer and manufacturing technology " new taste " .
The closest period of time, many American food produce business to announce " freewill " reduce salt.
Many food health researcher think, if medical canal bureau can publish industry standard, the effect that reduce salt will be more apparent.
Why does American give so big movement to decreasing salt to do? Because medicine investigates a proof, hypertensive disease and salt concern couplet too much. Somebody has made investigation discovery, get rid of gives other factor, everyday his salt 7 grams, hypertensive sicken rate is 6.9% , add 10 grams, sicken rate is 8.6% , and add 26 grams, sicken rate increases quickly to 39% . American salt basically originates too much treatment food and restaurant, compatriots salt is overmuch, originate not only treatment food and restaurant, also originate family. So, world of our country hypertensive patient the first, reported in December 2009 according to Xinhua News Agency, grow in quantity of year after year of hypertensive patient of these a few years of our country, already reached 200 million person. Hypertension is the main reason that causes disease of heart head blood-vessel, and the main reason that disease of heart head blood-vessel is compatriots death. Accordingly, decreased salt to become healthy key.
Salt, mix from since the beginning of the history of the animal live inseparable, "White Lu Yinquan " , "Di sheep licks earth " , of account is the physiology instinct of the animal. " detailed outline of a book on Chinese medicine " think salt is in " in the five flavors, only this cannot is short of " . Dietary practice told us 100000, salt is " the mother of 100 flavour " , do not have saline criterion 100 flavour nix. So since ancient times what salt and iron become the power in gubernatorial hand is indicative. How abrupt evolution became the source of 100 disease? So, also somebody defend sb against an injustice, if American salt institute gives out different sound, think " the salt that human body absorbs is much, of eduction much also, nonexistent excessive view. Nonexistent excessive view..
Like methods of a lot of preserve one‘s health, a lot of people again and again worry. The truth inside this is very actually simple, preserve one‘s health balances a problem namely. Salt basically is by sodium and chloric composition, science research to had proved, these two kinds of elements have prop human body inside humoral permeate press and soda acid balance, maintain nerve and sarcous to should be stimulated gender and adjust physiology function the action that wait. Salt is life puts indispensable matter. But, also not be more better. The person is right in long-term and developmental process saline demand has acquired a balance, and lopsided to short-term also have answer a mechanism. This balances a dot, the answer that the world defends an organization to give out is everybody everyday 6 grams.
Someone says, such-and-such ate 10 grams to live 80 years old everyday very healthy still, also someone says such-and-such eat 3 grams to wait a moment everyday. Northerner speaks, this makes unplug stubborn eye child. The 6 grams that say here, it is the average of substantially only. Everybody after all a few grams are appropriate, decide according to individual difference even. For example, salt is allergic person proper a bit less, someone else much dot is OK also, what say like American salt institute in that way, salt is not allergic person excrete ability strong, eat much can excrete in time go out. Remember, nobody makes a decision for you, decide oneself sanitarian method according to his circumstance and scientific achievement only, and this is preserve one‘s health.
Matrix 101: The Medical School
Have a fever:
Once temperature exceeds 37 ℃ to be belonged to have a fever. Medical research to confirm, of immune cell fight what ability can follow temperature is elevatory and heighten, at the same time high temperature also makes chroma reduces the iron ion in blood, cause pathogen to grow supply deficiency of needs minim iron ion, restrain pathogen growth then, these ability are the brunt of disease-resistant, medicaments is foreign aids only. So, if having a fever to take antipyretic at the beginning, accentuate possibly instead illness. Temperature does not exceed 38 ℃ , and when spirit, appetite was not affected, can alleviate forehead of ice cube park unwell, drink water more at the same time, right amount and compensatory vitamin and mineral, can eat a few contain a lot ofnutrition and delicate food. Be like temperature prep above 38.5 ℃ , or continuously low fever is not retreated, or companion has hair rash, acuteness have a headache (how to treat have a headache) , when symptom of arthralgia, convulsion, should instantly go to a doctor.
Cough:
Cough is one of the commonnest symptoms in respiratory system, it is the measure of a kind of protection of human body, it is beneficial to airframe. Get when respiratory tract mucous membrane when the stimulation such as eyewinker, inflammation, secretion or irritability element, reflex sexual ground to cause cough namely, conduce to eliminate the foreign body that invades respiratory tract from the outside or secretion, eliminate respiratory tract to stimulate factor. If cough to be used,relieve a cough medicaments, meet stay in the dirty stuff of aggravating inflammation in respiratory tract, go against the elimination of inflammation. When occurrence cough, should be in heat preservation while compensatory and many moisture, avoid the hot food such as peppery, onion to stimulate respiratory tract at the same time. If frequent cough returns companion to have,have a fever, bosom when the symptom such as painful, lose weight, should instantly go to a doctor.
Shed nosebleed:
We are OK shed nosebleed to regard as airframe ego " reduce internal heat " a kind of means. Water when people decrease, hot food eats morer, and environment inside dry, body " suffer from excessive internal heat " when, airframe often chooses fragile nose mucous membrane by oneself " reduce internal heat " . When shedding nosebleed so can need not worry, it can be stopped by oneself inside short time. But, if pass nosebleed of period of time still more than ought to examination of as soon as possible. At this moment, you are OK pitch body, suitable its do as one pleases, the towel that use paper sucks effluent nosebleed gently. When the amount is larger, can hold softness of the ala that tighten bazoo to be in a few minutes, or raise bleed pair of side arm helps of nostril are hemostatic. If nose bleeds in great quantities more than when should instantly go to a doctor, often hemal sclerosis, blood pressure crosses advanced disease to cause this inside body.
Diarrhoea:
Diarrhoea, especially fecal discrepant smelly when, often be the toxin that the body is coming from food or other side in eduction. When diarrhoea comes, must not walk into " cure " error, be like: Diarrhoea uses antidiarrheal; Think diarrhoea is inflammation, should take antiphlogistic drug; Eat go painful piece alleviate diarrhoea is aching; Serious when take medicine, drug stops when stopping; Water is drunk more when diarrhoea, complement loses moisture; When diarrhoea eat less, eat more after diarrhoea etc. When encountering diarrhoea, should adopt law of make the best use of the circumstances, drink a cup of hot water for example, help bowel path discharges toxin as soon as possible. If have serious diarrhoea, meaning again and again, defecate measures little, anal ministry to have convulsion sex ache, or fecal belt blood, or at the same time companion has abdominal pain, have a fever, when the symptom such as vomiting, should instantly go to a doctor.
Vomit:
Vomiting also is for the material with harmful to human body eduction, absorb in order to decrease, it is the reflex of a kind of defence of airframe. If use medicaments to stop right now,spit, can make harmful material stops inside body, the harm is healthy. If be pure vomiting, should right amount and compensatory moisture, avoid water and electrolyte disorder. If still be accompanied,have intestines and stomach unwell, should filling water while ministry of watchful massage stomach and abdomen. Vomitive hind fastens rapid move to take food, can slightly activity, let the reentry after the body is extended feed. If vomiting is turned over,companion has abdominal pain, have a fever when waiting for a symptom, should instantly go to a doctor.
Medical consultant fields questions on H1N1 virus - 1 May 09
Institute of medicine of burgeoning system live thing establishs Henan (enunciative)
Long-term since western medicine breaks up human body into a lot of independent parts, hold to individually " checkmate " method, the whole that ignored biology system is characteristic, study in chronic illness the respect does not have the breakthrough of essential sex all the time. But debar from holding office of forms huge of force of be used to is worn the medical treatment idea of people, how many person is flooded to be in the boundless ocean that medicaments enclothes hard extricate oneself. And contain of the medicine in our country is worn the system discusses an idea, emphasize know and adjust from integral angle rule of activity of human body life, but suffer technical measure limitation to hard also much your work is. The research of medicine of burgeoning systematic live thing and pharmacodynamics, the birth of contemporary nutrition immunology, it is " medicine of doctor of traditional Chinese medicine blends in world more ‘ universal set phrase ‘ insert the wing that went up to fly, for a book on Chinese medicine plant and mineral with hot mine water, especially of high grade hot spring prevent disease to treated a disease to provide unprecedented space.
"The father that metabolization group learns " , the metabolization group that British empire manage is versed in the university teachs Jeremy Nicloson to put forward learns to regard a whole system as to consider human body is not what invention, but the metabolic law that he research network of human body metabolization to fall in disease and medicaments action, this as complete as the philosophical thought of Chinese traditional medicine of doctor of traditional Chinese medicine be identical. And metabolization group learns a method not only can undertake to medicaments poisonous manage is analysed, still can be in Chinese traditional medicine produces main effect in quality control, will become Chinese traditional medicine to realize the breakthrough, one big tool that enters an international market thereby.
We establish burgeoning system biology to study base in your city of Henan, as a result of,be over there have build a courtyard 50 old Henan save sanatorium of worker hot spring, courtyard of preserve one‘s health of your city little Lin Gushang and preparing to construct the center of sightseeing of hot spring medical treatment of world-class, still be the fountainhead of the writing base of dietotherapy of Tang Dynasty a book on Chinese medicine and culture of China preserve one‘s health, these massiness conditions, especially it is all that green hill green water was not polluted metropolitan in do not have. Your city hot spring, xi Yean is become, be close to east Ru Shui, pillow lies volt is arrogant and Wang Songyue it lives for biology, especially the change with protein below condition of hot mine water biology offerred congenital condition.
NUCLEUS medical video: McRoberts Maneuver for Shouder Dystocia
Amazing 3D medical animation !
Modern medicine research to prove; Psoriasis and cancer attribute immune flaw euqally; AIDS " A I DS " syndrome of blemish of acquired character immunity, it is virus of blemish of infection mankind immunity " HIV " the disease of sex of immune function obstacle that cause. HIV is caused directly neurological damage. They belong to cancer, psoriasis, AIDS immune blemish and virus infection are concerned. No matter be afterwards,hair or blemish of acquired character immunity had caused immune defect.
Psoriasis sees according to clinical place, this disease often has familial history, have genetic tendency. Report this disease has domestic and internationally familial history have 10 about -- 20% . Cancer somebody research technically, in general twin if one contracts cancer, criterion the gender can increase another cancered risk, especially cancer of the stomach, knot rectum cancer, lung cancer, lacteal cancer reachs prostate cancer. For example, for binate to male odd egg twin, if among them one of have sufferring from cancer of the stomach, criterion what another machine rate that has cancer of the stomach wants not to have cancer of the stomach than both sides is 9.9 times taller. " magazine of England new medicine " in July date the 13rd period. Explain psoriasis and heredity are concerned, certain cancer and genetic concern affirmation, clear. So why somebody arrives at proper time to come on, don‘t some people come on? Why inherent without disease, suffer from insensibly went up cancer, psoriasis? Although come on the reason is very much, whether the pathogeny that has made clear with respect to this prevents cure above all. Whether the person that lets contain genetic defect does not come on forever, health restores as soon as possible after perhaps coming on. Normally these are should can arrive. So, why so difficult? Be people has not realized among them truth, the key is to still do not have medicaments of such specially good effect to come out.
Can say China immunity blemish research to was in this respect to gain revolutionary headway. Psoriasis can be cured mostly, after curing do not have a relapse a few years, 2, the patient that has a relapse 3 times can be cured as soon as possible. Cancer treatment, oral cavity cancer, ear cancer, skin cancer, the canker that the remedial eye of cancer of bottom of glossal body mouth can observe cicatrizations, move disappears, the symptom alleviates apparently. Terminal cancer of the stomach, skin cancer, palace neck cancer clinical cure do not have a relapse for years. AIDS patient can improve a symptom quickly, prolong life, the patient after was being treated 2001 up to now a lot of be still living and in good health, broke AIDS patient to have 2 only - life limit of 3 years. The clear ill noxiousness such as berpes zoster, lacteal wart the disease is here medicine is divided to disease.
The series prescription that institute of China immunity blemish research has the effect fighting cancer of wide chart, without side-effect. Dosage is little, take convenient, the effect is good, save easily, long-term not invalidation. Profess to convinced everyday 2, every time 30-50 milliliter can achieve expectant remedial result. It is the medicaments of specially good effect that treats all sorts of cancer not only. A variety of terminal cancer are treated here do not have recrudesce for years, can use the move that prevents cancer to diffuse for certain. It is hopeful use those who prevent a variety of chronic and stubborn disease. 20 old medical treatment carries out a proof; Cancer, psoriasis, AIDS causes immune defect not only, their cure also has a lot of collective place. Set out from this one viewpoint make much difficulty miscellaneous disease be readily solved.
Immunity is integrated therapeutics; Immune effect a permanent cure, the illness after the patient stops drug continues to improve, do not have a relapse a few years, the immune defect that shows a patient gets fundamental improvement. Make with medicine to disease the patient‘s symptom alleviates quickly integratedly, another when use drug integratedly important facet fights virus to treat namely, cancer has proved nose pharynx cancer is main is by EB virus be caused by, cancer of a variety of department of gynaecology and relationship of virus of human tit tumour are close. The abbreviation of syndrome of blemish of immunity of AIDS acquired character, it is the immunity disease that causes by HIV virus, HIV causes defect of function of immunity of human body cell. The disease-resistant poison cure of psoriasis still obtains favorable result, specification and virus infection are relative also. Can say institute of China immunity blemish found the remedy of specially good effect that treats virus. Animal experiment proves; Marrow of the bunny after using drug is secreted exuberant, the lumbar of bunny, a large number of leg joint is medullary exudation, affect medullary hemopoietic system, hematopoiesis did a cell to participate in the improvement of immune blemish, the experiment still proves the unripe immortal Yo that does not affect an animal.
Immunity is integrated therapeutics, this does not begin to foreknow, what carry out for a long time however is crystal, long-term remedy observation research summary comes out, it is the author the 20 summary that treats a variety of chronic and stubborn disease for years. The author ever also gave presumingly go up to fall to write letter report to the mayor to central leader, the hope gets sectional attention research jointly concerned, as soon as possible benefit mankind. The author is more than 10 years to give a variety of patients free treatment, do not make money in the time of current reforming and opening, become this be out of pocket however and the thing of back be pointinged to. Not be to make money. The author treated AIDS freely in village of building of article of county of the Cai on Henan 2001 a few months, at one‘s own expenses tens of thousands of yuan see the serious minatory mankind such as AIDS is healthy namely, the society develops. Cancer suffers from live or die, ordinary man has duty, AIDS popularity, it is relationship state rise and fall more! The person that according to statistic virus of AIDS of eye preexistence bound is carried, patient is amounted to 3- - 40 million people, be in for the most part southern Africa, the basic level government organization that there is some of state over there broke down.
Medical Marijuana helps Fibromyalgia
The Nature magazine that comes out today fosters what move toward scientific success to need the road of classics publishs a comment to Ph.D again, basically be to going up mode of the education after the bachelor of genetic place of Beijing of first phase Nature generated strong interest, think this is planted of industrialized onefold technology grooming also may be the efficient way that develops scientific person with ability in the future. Of course what today‘s comment says is very objective, ph.D is fostered or China develops the commonly used method of talent of high administrative levels at present, the policy that the research after bachelor just compromises one kind just. To the education of young Ph.D, I feel OK to see from inside these two articles all, those who have fun at is OK read!
Jonathan W. Yewdell1
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 9, 413-416 (May 2008)
How Tosucceed In Science: A Concise Guide For Young Biomedicalscientists. Part I: Taking The Plunge
Http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v9/n5/full/nrm2389.html
How To Succeed In Science: A Concise Guide For Young Biomedicalscientists. Part II: Making Discoveries
Http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v9/n6/abs/nrm2390.html
Individual of these two articles feels is two when biology science reads surely before research student enter a school serious articles, include how to identify how adviser, right acting task, how is innovation, successful recipe waited a moment!
Most do those who laugh is right all advisers undertake classified, from inside this classification, do not be a hard job to oneself adviser classify! Perhaps say the certain defect that discovers they exist not hard! Ha! From left arrive right, it is respectively 1, 2, 3. . . . . . If, the employer that still can give oneself puts in classify ‘s charge!
The article cites address: Http://www.sciencenet.cn/m/user_content.aspx? Id=309971
Dr. G: Medical Examiner: Car Accident Victims
According to British media the report said recently, this research that has to 1000 ladies discovers, more than 40% meetings suffer from among smoking female on blame infectivity acne. The feature of this kind of disease is pore jams, big hoary head acne and petty cyst. contrast, blame smoking female has 10% meetings to appear only these symptoms.
But, smoking and the concern that grow acne are put in controversy all the time, report author also admits to be put possibly still in other factor. Nevertheless, the research group that comes from Rome feels, among the cavalcade that their research may make be not contagious acne to join smoking to cause a disease. They call this play " acne of the person that smoke " .
Researcher concentration has this research on lady body, because acne appears to their influence,want than the man big. Among these 1000 ladies that participate in investigation, be not worth only 30% it is the person that smoke, in the center 42.2% long have acne, mostly of dispute infectivity, is not a kind that of red abscess to be able to appear.
Researcher expresses, the skin vitamin E of the smoke person in this group secretes the in part that measures the person that dispute smokes. Those once grew the smoke person of whelk in young period, many times opportunity grows the person that smoke than growing the blame of whelk likewise acne. Nevertheless, a few other factors that bring about blame infectivity acne had been come to early by make out. This includes hormonal change, pressure, profession and environmental factor.
Among the patient of acne of 10% blame infectivity in the person that be not smoking, half person is put in environmental element, for example the skin is exposed for long in smother and vapour. This is to come from workshop normally, for example kitchen.
These elements suffer from to be not the person that smoke on the influence that is not contagious acne has after all how old and temporary unidentified. But Huoerdeng of chairman of British dermatologist institute thinks, this research accorded with the trend that rises smoking and long acne connection. Huoerdeng says: "These research result hopeful offer the additional inducement of smoke of Buddhist monastic discipline for people. "These research result hopeful offer the additional inducement of smoke of Buddhist monastic discipline for people..
(Chinese news network)
Ken Kamler: Medical miracle on Everest
Medical research to make clear, not all disease is harmful to the body. Encroach airframe when pathogen or when airframe happening pathological changes, airframe can produce defence reaction, this is " fall ill " . So, it is harmful and profitless to fall ill to also be not. These disease that introduce below are helpful for the health of airframe.
Have a fever:
Once temperature exceeds 37 ℃ to be belonged to have a fever. Medical research to confirm, of immune cell fight what ability can follow temperature is elevatory and heighten, at the same time high temperature also makes chroma reduces the iron ion in blood, cause pathogen to grow supply deficiency of needs minim iron ion, restrain pathogen growth then, these ability are the brunt of disease-resistant, medicaments is foreign aids only. So, if having a fever to take antipyretic at the beginning, accentuate possibly instead illness. Temperature does not exceed 38 ℃ , and when spirit, appetite was not affected, can alleviate forehead of ice cube park unwell, drink water more at the same time, right amount and compensatory vitamin and mineral, can eat a few contain a lot ofnutrition and delicate food. Be like temperature prep above 38.5 ℃ , or continuously low fever is not retreated, or companion has hair rash, acuteness have a headache (how to treat have a headache) , when symptom of arthralgia, convulsion, should instantly go to a doctor.
Cough:
Cough is one of the commonnest symptoms in respiratory system, it is the measure of a kind of protection of human body, it is beneficial to airframe. Get when respiratory tract mucous membrane when the stimulation such as eyewinker, inflammation, secretion or irritability element, reflex sexual ground to cause cough namely, conduce to eliminate the foreign body that invades respiratory tract from the outside or secretion, eliminate respiratory tract to stimulate factor. If cough to be used,relieve a cough medicaments, meet stay in the dirty stuff of aggravating inflammation in respiratory tract, go against the elimination of inflammation. When occurrence cough, should be in heat preservation while compensatory and many moisture, avoid the hot food such as peppery, onion to stimulate respiratory tract at the same time. If frequent cough returns companion to have,have a fever, bosom when the symptom such as painful, lose weight, should instantly go to a doctor.
Shed nosebleed:
We are OK shed nosebleed to regard as airframe ego " reduce internal heat " a kind of means. Water when people decrease, hot food eats morer, and environment inside dry, body " suffer from excessive internal heat " when, airframe often chooses fragile nose mucous membrane by oneself " reduce internal heat " . When shedding nosebleed so can need not worry, it can be stopped by oneself inside short time. But, if pass nosebleed of period of time still more than ought to examination of as soon as possible. At this moment, you are OK pitch body, suitable its do as one pleases, the towel that use paper sucks effluent nosebleed gently. When the amount is larger, can hold softness of the ala that tighten bazoo to be in a few minutes, or raise bleed pair of side arm helps of nostril are hemostatic. If nose bleeds in great quantities more than when should instantly go to a doctor, often hemal sclerosis, blood pressure crosses advanced disease to cause this inside body.
Diarrhoea:
Diarrhoea, especially fecal discrepant smelly when, often be the toxin that the body is coming from food or other side in eduction. When diarrhoea comes, must not walk into " cure " error, be like: Diarrhoea uses antidiarrheal; Think diarrhoea is inflammation, should take antiphlogistic drug; Eat go painful piece alleviate diarrhoea is aching; Serious when take medicine, drug stops when stopping; Water is drunk more when diarrhoea, complement loses moisture; When diarrhoea eat less, eat more after diarrhoea etc. When encountering diarrhoea, should adopt law of make the best use of the circumstances, drink a cup of hot water for example, help bowel path discharges toxin as soon as possible. If have serious diarrhoea, meaning again and again, defecate measures little, anal ministry to have convulsion sex ache, or fecal belt blood, or at the same time companion has abdominal pain, have a fever, when the symptom such as vomiting, should instantly go to a doctor.
Vomit:
Vomiting also is for the material with harmful to human body eduction, absorb in order to decrease, it is the reflex of a kind of defence of airframe. If use medicaments to stop right now,spit, can make harmful material stops inside body, the harm is healthy. If be pure vomiting, should right amount and compensatory moisture, avoid water and electrolyte disorder. If still be accompanied,have intestines and stomach unwell, should filling water while ministry of watchful massage stomach and abdomen. Vomitive hind fastens rapid move to take food, can slightly activity, let the reentry after the body is extended feed. If vomiting is turned over,companion has abdominal pain, have a fever when waiting for a symptom, should instantly go to a doctor. (Xia Qiu)
VVH-TV News -- Lyme Disease: Medical Nightmare (Part 2)
1
Kong Men treats epidemic disease, HP the people‘s livelihood
Li Fei
Magazine of medicine of foundation of Chinese traditional Chinese medical science
2009/08
2
Art amounts to learned, divine drive Gu Jin -- the inheritance copying card of genre of Kong Baihua medicine
Li Fei
Magazine of medicine of foundation of Chinese traditional Chinese medical science
2009/04 8
11
3
Kong Baihua treats the experience of infantile convulsions tic
Song Zunmin of; of Song Wenfang of; of Xie Ming of Li Jian;
Chinese clinician
2008/09 5
13
4
Renown cure effect square -- Qing Dynasty of aperture family name turns the boiling water that amount to subsidiary channels in the human body through which vital energy
Deserted Zuo
Magazine of Zhejiang traditional Chinese medical science
2008/01 15
20
5
Kong Baihua of Beijing name cure treats shallow analyse of characteristic of disease of department of gynaecology
Zhu Xijie of Yang Lixia;
Traditional Chinese medicine of Shi Zhenguo cure
2006/10 23
15
6
Beijing name cure Mr Kong Baihua uses analyse of explore of mulberry parasitism characteristic
Zhu Xijie of Yang Lixia;
Sichuan traditional Chinese medical science
2004/08
1
86
62
7
The evil to damp and hot sends shallow Bai Hua talking about aperture to be known illy
Lu Zhaolin of Li Yan;
Journal of university of medicine of Beijing traditional Chinese medical science
2004/02
5
97
67
8
The Beijing traditional Chinese medical science of contagion of latter-day beat back
Liu Hui hardwood
China cure history magazine
2003/03 36
25
9
Kong Baihua scent shows shallow sign of characteristic of learning of a key to do sth
Zhou Xu is unripe
Magazine of document of doctor of traditional Chinese medicine
2001/02 60
27
10
Happy event read " collect of Kong Baihua cure "
Thank sea city
New doctor of traditional Chinese medicine
1991/07 8
4
11
Listless and lack of power word clear advantage
Bai Kun is believed
Medical of modern doctor of traditional Chinese medicine
1990/01 5
3
12
Kong Baihua
Kong Xiangqi
Magazine of medicine of China traditional Chinese medical science
1986/01 13
11
13
Mr Kong Baihua is ill to tepid disease, woman theory treat pick pure
Qu Puquan
Beijing traditional Chinese medical science
1985/06 11
10
14
Talk the delibrate that treats gastric disease to Kong Baihua
Zhu Hongming
Heibei traditional Chinese medical science
1985/04
1
9
5
15
Spirit of pursue one‘s research
Zhu Hongming
Heibei traditional Chinese medical science
1984/04
1
8
3
16
Manner of Kong Baihua that order medical service and scholarship
Zhu Hongming
Journal of university of medicine of Shandong traditional Chinese medical science
1984/03
1
15
10
17
Aperture Bai Huaxian gives birth to the four fundamental operations of arithmetic of case of excellent medical service
Ma Longbai
Beijing traditional Chinese medical science
1983/03 18
8
18
The clinical experience brief introduction of gesso of magical function of Mr Kong Baihua (add)
Ma Longbai
Beijing traditional Chinese medical science
1983/01 21
14
Medical Terminology Concerto
Method of statistic of clinical scientific research and Zhao Naiqing of choice Chen Shiyao
Writer unit: 200032 Shanghai, hospital of Fudan University Zhongshan is clinical epidemiology center
The processing of the data in clinical scientific research and statistical method are one of measure that clinical research concludes. And describe clinical data, using accurate statistical method is the premise that achieves result of accurate clinical scientific research. The article introduces the commonly used statistic method in paper of clinical scientific research, basic idea to the choice of statistical method from descriptive data.
One, the sort of data
1. data is phyletic: Does Qiu collect ǔ of a gathering of things or people of the that fasten neon?
Metric dataPoint to successive data, have particular numerical value normally, wait like height, weight, blood pressure, haemoglobin, bilirubin and albumin.
Grade dataPoint to the data that has certain level, be like:
Cent of clinical curative effect is cure, show effect, improve, invalid,
Clinical examine to be divided as a result for - , + , + + , + + + ,
The serious degree cent of the symptom such as ache does not have ache for 0 () , 1(is spent gently) , spend in 2 () , 3 (is spent again) etc,
Grade data calls half quantitative data again.
Group dataPoint to to there are order or grade relation between each data, be attributed to certain property however, can be two kinds, also can be many kinds.
Be like sexual data, press the male and female classification, computational male and female have how many; each
Professional data, wait for classify by worker, farmer, employee, the exemple with respective computation counts;
Along with seek result data, press live or dead classify, the exemple with respective computation counts;
Accept interpose measure data, by with experiment medicaments, with comfort agent classify;
Whether to exist smoking, drink, pylorus screw bacterium (Hp) infection expose an element, by smoking, do not smoke, drink, do not drink, classify of Hp (+ ) , Hp(- ) .
The category of 2. data changes:
If age data is metric data, but can press be more than 65 years old, 45 ～ 65 years old, be less than 45 years old of cent to be old, medium, youth 3 kinds and change is grade data or computation data. But those who need an attention is:
Metric data changeover is grade data or computation data is compared simple, but can no more change into metric data from grade data or computation data, accordingly, in clinical on collect data or computer to store when data, lv of take an examination is collected or store metric data, it is grade data or computation data according to needing to be changed again when data processing only.
Undertake to some index of two groups of patients statistical when examining, data is computation or grade data from metric changeover, statistical efficiency drops possibly also.
2, the statistical description of data
To clinical research data, normally we are impossible in the paper or the reader tells the specific feature of each patient in the report. We need to know this approves the feature of data, facilitate on one hand description, facilitate the difference of two groups of data or feature is compared on the other hand, this is statistical description.
1.Metric data (data) statistical description: Pool of ⒊ of Qian of rotten Rong of extensive of Nai of travel of 0 ㄖ takes ǔ of Wang of an ancient small-mouthed wine vessel of grandma of department of screen aperture persimmon
Central positionUse normally all count will describe, be like
Anhydride of the age of a group of patients, weight, haemoglobin, albumin, bilirubin, flesh and urea nitrogen,
The requirement is this class number occupies; of should obedient normal school
If normal school is shown after changeover of data classics logarithm, all can count with geometry represent its center position, be like
HBsAg drop is spent (18, 116, 132, 164) ;
To slanting voice data, represent its center position with median normally, be like
The limits such as the AL T when studying acute hepatitis, AST from tens of going to on 1000 fluctuant bigger, and the metabolic circumstance of every patient is abhorrent.
The data of normal schoolDisperse degreeUsable standard deviation will describe;
To slanting voice data, can use 4 minutes a limits (Inter2quartile Range, IQR) describes disperse rate, namely:
IQR is 100 minutes of the 25th digit (P25) ～ 100 minutes of the 75th digit (P75) .
2.Computation data (data) statistical description: Analyse persimmon shows Shen to cast Suo stupid tip attacks about instrument of of Cong of Mi of Jiao of Qiao bone Jiu seeks straight? of Ping of army Tao Qiu to callForm than, be like sexual data, in 100 patients, 60 males, 40 females, can express to occupy 60 % for the male, the female occupies 40 %;
If data cent is,do not happen, wait like death, sicken, calculable the index such as its mortality, incidence of a disease, show the strength that its produce, say to lead.
Form produce intensity than cannot explaining commonly.
Clinical on having a lot of rate is a scale only actually (form than) . If sicken rate is a scale, as a result of historical reason, still call sicken rate. So cannot will form come for incidence of a disease than mixing demonstrative happening intensity. When two rate undertake comparative, if some index enough is right the size of rate is influential (if the age is right mortality) , and the composition of this index (if the age is formed) differ in two inter block, need to undertake standardizing to this index.
The statistic of 3. grade data describes: Hook of miscellaneous mildew of tip of Song of Fu is killed like that Ke world alcohol attacks scrupulously and respectfully H Si Qiu brushs Pu Э to kill fact of of rice of ⒑ of province of of Wo of Xing regret to take pool of Fu of the 8 that employ hammer to treat ⒅ of curtain of Qu ⑶ truly small ⒅ ? is calculable of each degree. Divide with all sorts of degree patient number namely with total case load, each are formed should be than the sum 100% .
4. spends than number, odds ratio, opposite danger: Core of а of deceive ∫ Ting fears? is the index that exposes the connection intensity between element and disease.
Than severalBe positive rate and negative rate than. Opposite danger is spent (RR) is two kinds expose what the condition issues incidence of a disease to compare, if study the impact of Hp infection and cancer of the stomach, alignment of sex of the look up before using research, watch the occurence rate of a certain number of cancer of the stomach after year for 2 groups by Hp(+ ) and cent of Hp (- ) , the more opposite than estimating namely danger of the incidence of a disease that calculates two groups is spent.
Odds ratio(OR) is contrast in case of illness express to expose in research produce the relevant rate between with the disease, it is the approximation of RR, if study likewise, use case of illness to contrast design, it is two groups by cancer of the stomach and cent of blame cancer of the stomach, the Hp before investigating two groups of patients to come on affects a situation, the relation between evaluation Hp infection and cancer of the stomach needs to use odds ratio.
3, of quantitative data statistical examine
Two sample book should have in clinical research or of the difference between many example statistical examine, in order to decide difference is actual existence perhaps is caused as a result of error of sampling.
1.T examines with variance analysis: Miscellaneous Shen swollen mallet receives envy of establish mu if? of aperture persimmon is compared for two groups, usable T examines.
T examines have 2 kinds of methods, depend on the data is to become group compare or conjugate is compared.
The comparison of around treats to each patient in clinical scientific research: The around of level of the albumin after horn of of fellow of stew of ê of Shan of Qiang of ┪ of ㄒ of Xie τ beautiful holds Shan high to seek Ran? to use the remedy that protect liver is compared wait to belong to conjugate to compare more.
Clinical go up a lot of research cannot conjugate, be like new drug and contrast the comparison of medicaments, it is cure normally group and contrast group undertake group quite. When choosing T to examine, the method that these two kinds of T examine is different.
To two groups of above (much group) the data is compared, choose variance analysis of variance analysis; to also have 2 kinds of methods, depend on research design.
The influence that if study blood places time to determine to blood sugar,is worth, it is 4 to dividing each individual blood after exsanguinate of 8 healthy people, blood sugar chroma determines after placing 0, 45, 90, 135 Min respectively, this kind designs every 4 blood sugar to determine the value all comes from same and individual, call random section random, need divides poor analysis with random section.
Same, if our purpose is to compare 3 kinds to differ,fall the remedial effect of blood sugar medicaments, use randomization method to be patient cent 3 groups, every kinds of medicaments applies at a group of patients, 3 groups of patients‘ final blood sugar gives out to design variance analysis randomly completely quite. Those who need an attention is, content of each groups of example is equal with unequal when, as a result of method of calculation of sum of squares of across block deviation from average somewhat difference, what choose variance analysis computational formula is different also.
What need points out is, it is right that conjugate or design of battery of conpatibility of medicines compare group or the advantage that design completely randomly some element undertakes controlling, as above narrates result of 4 blood sugar, besides placement time, the others element same (come from same person) , reduced bias error thereby, improve statistical efficiency.
When undertaking variance analysis, when if be planted to A, B, C3,the curative effect of medicaments undertakes comparative, invalid hypothesis is 3 groups of curative effect identical, namely H0:A= B = C, difference has statistical sense and overthrow this when invalid hypothesis, the curative effect that its choose hypothesis H1 to be 3 kinds of medicaments fully is full not identical or completely not identical, can not distinguishing at this moment is curative effect of which two kinds of medicaments identical, which two kinds are different. A kind of natural think of a way is do not do variance analysis and do 3 T to examine directly, examine namely A = B, A = C, B = C, conclude directly from this. Look from statistical angle, this is incorrect, because it increased the first kind of mistake, namely the probability of false electropositive mistake. At this moment the α of significant critical value probability on statistic, already exceeded α =0. The standard of 05, cannot take consequently.
More reasonable method is make after variance analysis multiple quite (two two compare) . Multiple relative method is very much, commonly usedly SNK(Student2New2man2Keuls) law, Duncan law, LSD law and Dunnett law wait.
Applied T examines and the premise of variance analysis is:
When little sample book, no matter T examines or variance analysis, the requirement that logarithm occupies all should be normal school, problem of sex of data normal state can make an on-the-spot investigation with frequency graph or normal state examines;
Examine to ask with variance analysis the difference between each groups example variance does not have significance into group T () of variance neat sex. Neat sex of two groups of variance examines can examine with F neat sex of variance of; much group examines can examine with Baetlett.
2. data changes: After brighting flatter of Fu of Quan holds? of an ancient small-mouthed wine vessel of Xing Huan ㄌ of smile of Xi of of the larva of a tapeworm or the cercaria of a schistosome of thistle of naevus faint muching establish to pass certain changeover, can change into neat sex of normal state or variance, it is better to analyse the effect. Computation of radioactivity of time of number of the bacterium in be like water, unit accord with Pu Song to distributing, data can be not percentage of contagion sicken rate, leucocyte, lymphocyte to change rate, barium through; of square root changeover the rudimental rate that gastric platoon checks for nothing accord with 2 to distributing, data can turn over sine function to change; drop to spend a data to wait through square root can change through logarithm.
3. nonparametric statistic: Dispatch asks another name for Guangdong Province of Piao of cabin of official Bu persimmon of aperture of screen of Chinese torreya of Mi of rank hazel Fu is what the? that seek Ran examines when T or the premise condition of variance analysis cannot be satisfied and logarithm occupies is overall when distributinging to cannot decide or do not have proper changeover method, can use nonparametric statistic method. Examine at parameter accordingly, match pair of relative designs, nonparametric statistic uses symbolic grade to examine (Wilcoxon law) ; uses two sample two groups quite grade and examine (law of Wilcoxon Mann And Whitney Ranksum) or median examines design of battery of; conpatibility of medicines uses M to examine quite (Friedman law) ; much group uses H to examine quite (Kruskal And Wallis) . Express the choice that the 1 parameter when listing metric data is compared examines with nonparametric.
Express the parameter when 1 metric data is compared and choice of nonparametric statistic method
===========================================================================================
Devise a methodParameter statistic (note one)Nonparametric statistic (note 2)
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Conjugate is comparedConjugate T examinesAccord with examine, symbolic grade examines (Wilcoxon)
Two groups are comparedInto group compare T to examineTwo example grade and examine (law of Wilcox2on Mann And Whitney) , median examines
Group of conpatibility of medicines is comparedRandom section variance analysisM examines (Friedman law)
Much group is comparedDesign variance analysis completely randomly
H examines (law of Kruskal And Wallis)
==============================================================================================
Note one: Using a condition is data normal school, variance neat sex;
Note 2: Applied limits basically is slant voice data and data cannot be changed for normal state, grade data is compared in group.
Grade data also applies nonparametric to examine quite in group, h is used to examine when much group is compared, when two groups are compared, use grade and examine (Wilcoxon Mann AndWhitney examines) or median examines. If compare motivation of two kinds of stomaches to medication the curative effect with functional dyspeptic sex, curative effect evaluation is pressed show effect, effective, improve, invalid cent is 4 grade, two groups can be used quite grade and examine.
4, card just examines
The property that research group or a few groups of two data is qualitative or of classification, know commonly used rate or form than describing each groups feature. It is OK to across block is led or form the difference between the circumstance to whether have statistical sense quite just examine with card.
4 case of 1. express the card of the data to just examine: Boreal Ran narrow rank raft ㄐ says qualitative? of street of laborious of brandish of calamity of sell of neon of department of easy persimmon of shovel of persimmon of Gong analyse uses card to just examine normally, when if study Hp,infection and cancer of the stomach concern, group of case of illness of cancer of the stomach 100, hp affects 80 (infection scale 80. 0 %) , chronic gastritis contrasts group 100, hp affects 60 (infection scale 60 %) , whether prep above of rate of infection of Hp of group of case of illness of cancer of the stomach is chronic gastritis group, because error of sampling is caused,not be namely, statistical 4 case can be used to express card to just examine when examining. General computation Pearson gets stuck square, state two groups are formed only than differring, have general connection. In 4 case watch if data is less, theoretical value (the numerical value with each due check that gets according to disabling to be calculated suppose)<5, always watch number especially<40 when, or rational research number<1 when, need is used accurate (Fisher) inspection.
2.Travel list card just examines: Boreal Ran offers form of mallet ? or when the attribute of the data exceeds 2 to plant, this kind of form calls cavalcade the watch. Still calculate normally Pearson gets stuck square, express what contact commonly to examine, go namely variable and row variable are computation or qualitative data, concern without grade between variable each level, examining result expresses to whether connection exists between two variable only. If travel variable is nominal variable (qualitative) and when row variable is grade variable, can use nonparametric to examine, the trend gets stuck square or with notch on average all right difference undertakes examining. Pure Pearson card just examines to often cannot show an issue. To inter block in group the statistical sense that the card of the data just examines or interior makes different two rate difference examines, can use the card that increase advantageous position just examines or M2H card just examines. And if need storied element is very much the factor that perhaps affects a result is very much, and when statified and too much sample size cannot be satisfied again, returning to an analysis often is the option that research above all.
3. opposite puts those who lead a data to compare: ? of Fang of of Gan of of Ti of Meng of 2 take along sth to sb besides calculable year of survival rate is hand-in-hand outside getting stuck to just examine all right, still can be opposite directly live the curve undertakes comparative, use LogRank to examine normally.
5, the common error that method of the statistic in clinical scientific research uses
Apply accurate statistical method to be able to increase the reliability that research a result, and wrong statistical method often brings about incorrect research conclusion. The common statistical method error in clinical scientific research includes:
1. constitutes compared misuse: Show off of take along sth to sb all the data that clinical place of? of Piao of obstruct of wood of crane persimmon department obtains can be calculated only commonly compare and forming is not incidence of a disease. Form the intensity that happens than cannot showing an object normally, and form compared size to get the influence of a lot of other factors, the size that because this is formed quite,compares or application are formed when comparing demonstrative problem, cannot abuse. Only fore-and-aft along with the data that seeks research talent to get incidence of a disease.
2. interior makes the impact of pair of statistic index: When the curative effect that core of Qiu feel ashamed fears? comparing two groups of remedy or the prognosis that show two groups of patients, often need to notice other factor is right the influence of the result. Mark is changed or undertake to may affecting the factor of the result statified it is the best method that solves this one problem, if influencing factor is very much, the likelihood needs much element analysis to balance the influence of all sorts of elements. And the effect that ignores other factor gives wrong result possibly.
3. slants the misapplication of description of statistic of voice ration data and law of check proved recipe: You of thirsty of is troubled by rotten Φ of travel Nai extensive to shelter lognormal distribution of? of Fang of defect of of cover form emperor uses geometry to all count descriptive) , but the data that at present a lot of research report still is used only all count a description. Because all be counted,delimited momently only with standard deviation the feature of normal school data, need to express to all count ± standard deviation only to normal school data, but all counting ± standard deviation is not to slant the feature of voice distributinging data, should use median normally (75 % of ～ of 100 minutes of 25% digit 100 minutes of digit) the central position of score data and distributinging general situation. To slanting apparently
The across block of voice data is compared, t examines or variance analysis also is incorrect, should choose nonparametric to examine.
4.Conjugate (conpatibility of medicines) compare and become group quite: Wei Yu examines with two groups of relative T choose should consider to design according to differring, completely random design and design of battery of conpatibility of medicines also want to study according to differring the design is chosen, conjugate research design and the material that group of conpatibility of medicines designs belong to blame independence data, can use corresponding pair only T examines or group of conpatibility of medicines variance analysis, the material that become group of designs or designs completely randomly cannot (also cannot) with conjugate T examines or variance analysis method has group of conpatibility of medicines examine.
5. is package relative mistake: Ran of Chinese catalpa of goblet of Ran of hazel of Mi of miscellaneous to joke falling into oblivion disrelishs Φ Bi Rong to show tell Fu to treat Wo Pi dispatch to ask I are tasted treat? next reoccupy is corresponding multiple quite, and should not do directly all two two relative T examine or nonparametric examines, otherwise the first kind of wrong meeting increases. This one mistake often still can see on clinical research and magazine.
The condition that 6. statistic method uses does not accord with: Official of children‘s hair sluggish tastes joyous ǖ of Mei Xing of τ of ㄓ of any of several hot spice plants to if T examines to ask with variance analysis data is normal state,suckle Qiong? (or approximate normal state) distributing and variance neat sex, data of a lot of research is shown slant apparently voice still uses T to examine or variance analysis is incorrect. To be not the data that lose a value, if standard deviation is far big Yu Jun is counted, such data often is to slant voice distributings. Variance is neat the gender is very big to statistical result influence, want special attention. Be like the methodological choice that returns to an analysis again, because variable is what property,have to be in charge of and use recursive method in disorder, because variable is quantitative data to be able to use linear regression (or) applies after data classics is changed, because variable is minute of class number to be returned to according to can using Logistic, and live time can be returned to with Cox because of variable. The recursive analysis method that uses impropriety in disorder can reach indecipherable result.
The result that what concern with statistic should make clear in 7. paper: I attack screen of official of ⑼ of Jiu Jun of difficult of department of Ran of ⒈ of ā of any of several hot spice plants of Mei Mu coughs value of of idle of Miao ǚ street.
What final need points out is, study the accuracy of the result and research design are concerned, the choice of statistical method also is concerned with the means that collects a data, accordingly, statistical method is studying design phase makes right choice, is not when the consideration comes again after data has been collected. Otherwise, the reliability that research a result is suspected, and pure the alternative bias that depends on statistical method to do not have a consideration to considering to design and measuring sexual bias is cannot remedial.
Medical research medium statistical method mistake is used
Statistical content is very rich, the method of medical statistic is very much, every kinds of method has his applicable condition, every kinds of method applies to disparate test to devise a type each. The utilization rate of method of statistic of paper of our country medicine, show ascendant trend after 1985, but the count that the paper that medical magazine publishs puts in different level is wrong, the applied mistake of statistical method can make whole and accurate the research to give a mistake verdict that have. To reduce this one phenomenon, raise paper level, the problem that learns what respect of method of the statistic in scientific research paper often appears to cure below is Baconian arrange, list as follows:
One, did not use necessary statistic analyses a method or describe with statistic only
A few articles did not undertake necessary statistic is analysed, perhaps be opposite only study a result all number, rate undertakes comparative from size of sample.
2, the specific name that uses statistical method without the place that write Qing Dynasty or write far from
It is clear to answer to tell institute tell institute with statistical method in the paper, if explain not clear or grant to explain far from, the person that go over a manuscript or draft or reader are right of paper conclusion will not judge correctly. Conjugate design and the statistical method that become group of design data are different, if said to use T to examine only, judge its validity very hard; One is carried only in some articles " via statistical processing " hind, draw up conclusion; Some is flat even do not carry " statistic " 2 words, explain with P value the problem finishs sth directly.
3, the data slants badly voice uses T to examine however or variance analysis
T examines and data of variance analysis requirement is subject to normal school, and variance is neat, the much data in medical research is disobedient normal school. Should distributing when deviate normal school is not old, not big to the influence of its result. But still ought to do normal state sex to examine first to metric data, if normal state sex examines to identify amount to to occupy disobedient normal school as a result, can have variable shift, or have nonparametric statistic. Can see from the data in the paper its data is serious sometimes deviate normal school, but still use T to examine or variance analysis. Because medicine research data cannot be negative number, when example not quite hour, average decreases 3 standard deviation should not be negative number, otherwise with respect to deviate normal school rule.
4, T examines the comparison that replaces variance analysis to have much across block
This kind of phenomenon is not scarce still, be in statistical when the comparison of on many groups of metric data, ought to do first examine always (variance of each across block uses variance analysis together, variance needs not together to handle) with nonparametric statistic method, on the foundation that reachs the difference has statistical sense, redo is multiple quite, if every two groups all are counted,become relative Student-Newmn-Keuls law, or many processing group and same contrast group of relative Dunnett laws, and the some in comparing K group is opposite or some a few pairs have all figures LSD way of special significance to wait on major. Common error is in the article ravel the data, fall to all sorts of combination two two all count respectively make it group designs two sample book relative T examines or conjugate T examines, and every time relative examine level still is =0. 05, can increase the probability that make a mistake so, it is the difference miscarriage of justice that does not have statistical significance originally have statistical sense.
5, examine into group T replace conjugate T to examine
Randomization is the important step that makes sure blame processing element is balanced and consistent in group, raise a test group and contrast of across block can compare a gender. The purpose that conjugate designs also is to reduce jumbly factor the influence to tackling an element, it tackles an element than becoming group of designs to be not more balanced and consistent, both key is the experiment designs plan to differ, analytic goal is different, its statistic method is different also.
6, the variance analysis that section designs is replaced repeat the variance analysis that measures a design
Repeat measure a design to look be like random section design, but what differ with its is test result arrange by time order, the processing of random section design passes unlike to be arranged randomly in that way, its are relevant between different time, not independent, not only can analyse two elements whether is there a difference between each level, still can analyse two elements to have without interact.
7, one-way and orderly variable is done examine
Clinical be duped curative effect or examine to be divided into many grade as a result, if curative effect cent is heal, show effect, progress, invalid 4 grade, criterion Person can examine only each groups are formed identical, and cannot examine whether do each groups of curative effect have a difference.
8, misapplication examines formulary
The formula in examining is more, each have its applicable condition, have a bit inadvertent, have the possibility of misapplication namely, answer to undertake choosing correctly according to the property of experimental design and data. Common error has:
1. is common 4 case express a data, when N>4O, but when having 1<T<5, corrective without computation Y is worth.
2. is common 4 case express a data, when N<4O, or when having T<1, still use examine, did not choose 4 case to express exact probability law.
3.R×C expresses a data, rational research the case of several T<1, or the 1 ／ that the division number of 1<T<5 exceeds total squares formed by crossed lines to count 5, did not use proper processing technique, and R of direct apply mechanically×C expresses examining formula, bring about an analysis slant quality.
Data of 4 case watch arranges 4. conjugate for common 4 case watch, both designs plan to differ, the meaning of A, B, C, D is different, analytic purpose and method are different also.
9, linear and relevant the problem in be being analysed with linear regression
Undertake linear and relevant when be being analysed with regression, reach recursive equation or cipher out R value, before concluding, answer to do hypothesis to examine first, in order to concludes the relation of depend on sb or sth for existence that whether linearity exists between variable or correlativity, see the size of R absolute value even as to relevant close degree, because the hypothesis of R examines, no matter how P value is little, can show variable only relevant, and the information that cannot provide relevant and close rate. R absolute value is close to the correlativity between variable more closer. Call decision coefficient, express to return to sum of squares to hold the proportion of total sum of squares, there should be correlativity between variable, but not be very big when, the correlativity between clew variable is actual the sense is not great, worker of some scientific research lacks understanding to this, ever discovered in the paper R value is 0. 126, p<0. O1, decide coefficient =1. 59, and did not cause investigator the care of real to its significance. Return some using linear and relevant replace a curve relevant, with linear and relevant replace grade relevant, quantity of meet an emergency uses linear regression however for 2 classification variable.
10, the problem in much element analysis
As the computer gain ground, much element analysis already applied at medicine widely increasingly in research. The much element analysis that uses in medical research has model of risk of scale of multivariate and linear regression, Logistic regression, Cox, differentiate analysis, clustering, advocate analysis of regression of law of composition and factor analysis, typical relevant analysis, corresponding analysis, Multidimensional Scaling, Poisson. As a result of the complexity of these analysises, some investigator are very not familiar to analysing medium criterion, lack the basic knowledge of statistical principle, to choosing what data, application what computation and how to explain earnings result to wait, sheet relies on the computer to be finished cannot satisfactorily entirely. Because lack statistical basic knowledge, machinery uses statistical software, bringing about the result that obtaining the computer to give out not to know is what meaning. When undertaking statistic is calculated, often need to use statistical software neatly, this has more thorough knowledge with respect to the computational method that needs pair of software. People is handling " data of statistic of much element much index " respect most the mistake that often makes is:
1. is multivariate (or much element) the data uses a yuan (or only factor) processing of statistical analysis method: The utilization rate that can cause a data so is low, cannot reflect the integral condition of the data, cannot announce well the interact between variable and immanent connection, reach easily one-sided, even the conclusion of subreption.
2. much element analyses choice mistake of the method: In analysing paper of our country medicine to much element, use most is multivariate regression, commonly used multivariate recursive method has multivariate and linear regression, Logistic regression and Cox regression, the type that measures according to meet an emergency will classify them, quantity of its meet an emergency is respectively successive model variable, classification variable and live time. If there is many observations index in the data, but the fraction that measures without independent variable and meet an emergency between them, when studying the far and near between variable concerns, can choose variable clustering; According to the relation between variable, want suffer when trying an object to undertake classified, can choose sample clustering; Want to reduce variable dimension, when with a few a few integrated variable conveys the majority message that numerous former variable reflects, need to choose advocate composition analysis or factor analysis; Mirror variable and sample when a rectangular coordinates is fastened at the same time, should choose corresponding analysis. There should be classified variable in the data, still have a series of mensurable observation index, if want to classify variable and different level quite only of the mensurable index that many have certain connection on major when all counting the difference between to whether have statistical sense, can use multivariate analysis of variance; If classification is variable the representing‘s is a few clear classification is overall, the hope establishs a kind of method, right sealed and individual when having attributive judgement, should choose differentiate analysis; When if be in,doing multivariate analysis of variance, discovery still has the influencing factor of one or more ration, the hope affects his multivariate analysis of variance of the redo after deducting, right now, should choose multivariate covariance analysis.
3. independent variable has in all linear mixes with multivariate and linear regression multivariate Logistic regression: In all linear is to point to to there is dependency between independent variable, serious in all linear meeting makes return to equation to be not stabilized, if make the action of independent variable and actual and contrary, the independent variable that has statistical sense turns into to wait without statistical meaning. To multivariate (or much element) data, a lot of articles analyse a method to choose independent variable with only factor, built again next multivariate recursive equation. Actually, much element analyses itself to be able to choose independent variable, using only factor analysis to choose independent variable is wrong, use only factor analysis to cannot be taken more only. In fact, what people often faces is the complex statistic data of much element, nonexistent some is planted statistical method can use full data, answer the whole question that expects to solve on major. This combines major and statistical knowledge with respect to need, choose different variable subclass, undertake all sorts of corresponding statistic are analysed, make professional knowledge and statistical knowledge marriage, make reasonable analysis and explanation to the result.
The place on put together is narrated, medicine puts the statistical error that be in in scientific research paper, not be abstruse mathematical problem for the most part, it is statistical ABC even partly quite. Want us to strengthen medicine only statistical study, lay next solid statistical foundations, can decrease statistical the error that go up, the article that makes those are put in statistical problem disappears from inside the medical periodical of our country, paper compose more accord with scientific sex and rigorous sex requirement.
